Down syndrome is a genetic disease that occurs when a child is born with an additional or partial copy of their 21st chromosome, also known as trisomy 21. This causes delays and disabilities in the physical and mental development of the body.
The three main genetic variants that lead to a person having Down syndrome are – Trisomy 21 – Mosaic Down syndrome – Translocation Down syndrome
The symptoms vary from person to person. – Flattened face – Small head – Short neck – Excessive flexibility – Short height – Upward slanting eyelids (palpebral fissures) – Unusually shaped or small ears – Poor muscle tone
There are many complications associated with Down syndrome, some of which become noticeable as the child becomes older. It include – Obesity – Immune disorders – Spinal problems – Seizures – Dementia
Early treatment of children with Down syndrome minimises the chances of Down syndrome complications. The few treatments and activities used to treat people with Down syndrome are – Social activities development – Specialised education services – Physical therapy, occupational therapy and speech therapy
It is difficult to prevent Down syndrome, especially at the early stages of birth. Consult a genetics specialist to seek advice if you're a parent of a child who has been diagnosed with Down syndrome or if you're a parent who has been affected by the genetic transmutation of Down syndrome.