Cost of Bone Density Test in India

What impacts the cost of a bone density test? 

The cost of a bone density test (DEXA scan) in India typically ranges from Rs.1,800 to Rs.8,500, but it differs based on the location, facility, number of sites scanned and diagnostic centers. The cost of single-site scans, dual femur, and whole-body scans might differ in general.       

What is a bone density test?

A bone density test, also called a DEXA or DXA scan, refers to a non-invasive process that measures the strength and density of bones with the help of low-dose X-rays. The bone density test helps in diagnosing osteoporosis (a condition in which the bones become weak and brittle) and to assess the complication of fractures.  

What affects the Cost of Bone Density Tests?  

The cost of a bone density is influenced by many factors, like the location of the scan, the type of facility, the technology used, insurance coverage, and any additional services provided. Let's have a look at the factors that affect the cost of bone density in India.  

1. Place

• Clinic or Hospital Setting: Costs differ between smaller clinics and larger hospital systems because of the overhead and operational costs.
• Geographic Place: Costs might be higher in metropolitan regions when compared to rural regions.  

2. Service Provider

• Type of Facility: Specialised clinics, hospitals, and diagnostic centres might have different pricing structures.
• Reputation: Centres having a strong reputation for accuracy and expertise might cost more.

3. Technology

• Advanced DEXA Machines: Newer and more sophisticated machines that provide highly detailed photos can result in higher costs.  
• Particular Type of Scan: Whole-body scans or scans of multiple regions might be more expensive than scans of a single region, such as the hip or spine.

4. Health Insurance Coverage

• Insurance Plan Type: The extent of coverage differs by health insurance provider and plan.
• Cost Sharing: Deductibles, co-pays, and coinsurance can impact the final out-of-pocket cost.

5. Extra Services

• Consultation: A few facilities, like consultations with a doctor before or after the scan, can contribute to the total cost.
• Report Interpretation: The cost might differ based on whether the scan results are interpreted by a specialist.

6. Patient-Specific Factors

• Risk Factors: People having particular risk factors for osteoporosis (e.g., family history, age, some medical conditions) might tend to have their scans covered by health insurance.   

What are the diseases diagnosed under the Bone Density Test? 

A bone density test, also called bone densitometry or DEXA scan, helps in the diagnosis of osteopenia and osteoporosis. It can help assess the complications of future fractures and check the effectiveness of osteoporosis treatment. Let's have a look at the diseases diagnosed under the Bone Density Test.

1. Osteopenia : Osteopenia is a condition in which the bone mineral density is lower than normal but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis. It's a precursor to osteoporosis and denotes an increased complication of fractures.
2. Osteoporosis : Osteoporosis is a disease characterised by weakened, brittle bones that are susceptible to fractures. Bone density tests help in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Thus, it permits timely intervention and treatment.
3. Fracture Complications Assessment : The test results help find out the likelihood of future fractures, especially in individuals with low bone density.
4. Checking Treatment Effectiveness : Bone density tests are important in checking how well osteoporosis treatments are functioning to enhance bone density and lower fracture complications.
5. Other Medical Conditions : Though not a primary diagnostic tool for cancer, a bone density test can be helpful to find out the bone health in people undergoing cancer treatment that might impact bone density. It can help find out a few conditions that may raise the complication of osteoporosis.

Which type of hospitals offer Bone Density Tests?

Bone density tests are offered at hospitals, radiology centres, and specialised diagnostic centres. These facilities have the necessary equipment and trained professionals to undergo the test and interpret the results.

• Hospitals : Several hospitals, like general hospitals and specialised hospitals, such as orthopaedic hospitals, provide bone density testing under their diagnostic services. 
• Radiology Centres : Specialised radiology centres that concentrate on imaging services are general locations for bone density scans.
• Diagnostic Centres : A few diagnostic centres, especially those providing more imaging services, might have dedicated DEXA scan facilities.   
• Private Clinics : Some private clinics, particularly those specialising in rheumatology or bone health, might provide bone density testing.
• Public Hospitals : Public hospitals also offer access to bone density scans.

What happens during a Bone Density Test?  

A bone density test uses low-dose X-rays for the measurement of bone mineral density, especially in the spine and hip, to evaluate the complications of osteoporosis and fractures. At the time of the test, the patient will lie down on a padded table; meanwhile, a scanning arm passes over the body, which helps in taking the measurements. This is a very fast and painless process that helps doctors find out the bone loss early, permitting timely intervention.

Preparation

• You might be asked to remove any metallic objects such as jewellery, belts, or clothing with metal parts.
• Based on the facility, you may change into a gown.

During the Scan

• A patient will lie on a cushioned table, generally on their back.
• The DEXA machine will scan particular regions of your body, most commonly the hip and spine.
• The machine's arm will pass over your body, emitting low-dose X-rays.
• You must stay still during the scan and might be asked to hold your breath briefly.

After the Scan

• The scan data is examined by a computer, which calculates your bone mineral density.
• Your doctor will go through the results with you, like your T-score and Z-score, which denote how your bone density compares to healthy adults.
• The test is not painful, but a few individuals with back pain might find it uncomfortable to lie still.
• The whole process generally takes about 15-30 minutes.

Facts about Bone Density Test

l Generally, bone density tests, especially DEXA (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) scans, are not more expensive than other density procedures such as CT scans or MRI scans.   

l A radiologic technologist (also known as a radiographer) typically performs the bone density test (DXA scan). A radiologist, rheumatologist, or endocrinologist then makes the review and interprets the results.

l A bone density test is generally considered safe with minimal risks. This technology uses only low levels of radiation, which is same as a chest X-ray. It is a faster and non-invasive procedure. The main advantage of detecting low bone density early is to prevent fractures, which can become a serious complication of conditions such as osteoporosis.  

l A bone density test, also called DEXA scan, is considered a worthwhile test, particularly for persons at complications of osteoporosis or fractures. This  will help in early detection of bone loss, evaluates fracture complications, and checks the effectiveness of osteoporosis treatments.   

l There is no recovery time associated with a bone density test (DEXA scan). The process is faster and painless, and you can soon return to your normal activities after the scan. There are no restrictions on diet or activities after a bone density test. A bone density test usually lasts around 30 minutes. Your test might be slightly shorter or longer based on how many of your bones need scanning.

l No, a bone density test is not surgery. Bone Density Test refers to a non-invasive and painless process in which low-dose X-rays are used for the measurement of bone density. The test evaluates the complications of osteoporosis and fractures, and it doesn't involve any incisions or surgical procedures.  

The best time for a bone density test is based on the individual risk factors and age. In general, women above 65 and men above 70 are suggested to undergo the test.