What is Tracheal Transplant for Airway Disorders, and Its Cost?

A Life-Saving Breakthrough: Understanding Tracheal Transplant and Its Cost

Just imagine a 56-year-old female breathing freely for the 1st time after six years! A revolutionary medical procedure, tracheal transplant, has made it possible. Now, the question is, what is the cost of this life-changing treatment? This treatment can save the lives of thousands of children and adults who are dying due to airway disorders. Let’s learn about tracheal transplant and its costs.      

What is Tracheal Transplant for Airway Disorders?

Tracheal transplant is the least performed organ transplantation surgery when the airway or trachea gets scarred or hardened due to injury or disorder. This surgery involves the procurement process of the trachea from a donor and replacing it with the patient’s trachea. The tracheal transplant process helps patients with tracheal airway disorders, including those resulting from congenital conditions or tumours.  

How Much Does Tracheal Transplant Cost?  

Tracheal transplant is an experimental procedure with limited global availability. In India, advanced airway surgeries such as tracheal reconstruction or resection may cost between ₹5 lakhs and ₹15 lakhs, but full tracheal transplantation is not yet routinely performed or priced. In 2021, a surgical team from Mount Sinai performed the 1st human tracheal transplant in the world. Tracheal transplant has shown promise in select experimental cases, but it remains a rare and investigational procedure with limited accessibility worldwide. Patients with untreatable airway disorders, tumours, burns, and tracheal damage, including those hospitalised with COVID-19, may receive transplantation treatment.

What Conditions are Treated with Tracheal Transplantation?

Tracheal transplantation treats different disorders that cause shortness of breath, stridors, and wheezing. Healthcare professionals prefer this surgery for the following airway conditions. 

• Tracheal stenosis
• Trachobronchomalacia
• Tracheal tumours
• Granulation tissues and stoma issues
• Tracheoesophageal fistula

How Long Does the Tracheal Transplant Process Take?

Tracheal transplantation, when performed, may take 12–18 hours depending on the extent of reconstruction, donor compatibility, and surgical complexity. The surgery takes hours to remove the trachea from the donor. After that, it takes multiple hours to establish a perfect blood supply for the newly replaced organ through connecting various arteries and veins. It is a highly complex and technically demanding procedure, with limited reproducibility and significant surgical challenges related to airway integration and blood supply.  

What are the Risks of Tracheal Transplant Surgery for Airway Disorders?

Airway disorder treatment carries a few possible risks. These are: 

• Side Effects of Anaesthesia: The patient may experience a sore throat, nausea, shivering and sleepiness for some days.
• Infection: After transplant, patients may face Inflammation and discharge from the incision site with a 38°C fever after surgery.
• Difficulties in Swallowing and Speaking: Post-transplant, most patients experience difficulties in speaking, swallowing and a breathy voice.
• Stent or Tube Displacement: In case of using a tube or stent during recovery, any kind of dislodgement can cause subcutaneous emphysema. This led to leakages of air into chest issues.

Airway disorders involve a variety of acquired and congenital airway conditions, such as tumours, cysts, tracheal stenosis, laryngomalacia, etc. The benefit of tracheal transplant surgery is to replace damaged airways with healthy ones, and ensure patients breathe normally without aids.