Earwax (Cerumen) Buildup: Causes, Symptoms & Removal

How to Treat Earwax Impaction | Cerumen Function & Prevention

Cerumen, commonly known as earwax, is a natural substance produced by tiny glands in the ear canal. It protects the ear by trapping dirt, dust and germs. It also keeps the ear's skin clean and healthy.

Normally, earwax comes out on its own and then falls off. In the majority of cases, earwax causes no harm. If excessive earwax accumulates, it causes temporary loss of hearing.

What are the Symptoms of Excessive Earwax?

Earwax appears light yellow to dark brown. However, dark colour does not indicate blockage. The signs and symptoms of excessive wax buildup include the following:

• Tinnitus, which means ringing or buzzing in the ear
• Sudden or partial loss of hearing, though temporary
• A feeling of being full in the ear
• Earache

Building up earwax for a long time can cause infections. Consult your healthcare professional if you are experiencing the following symptoms of infection:

• Fever
• Coughing
• Excessive pain in the ear
• Drainage from your ear
• Pain in the ear that does not go away easily
• Persistent loss of hearing
• Dizziness
• A foul odour from your ear

It is essential to note that hearing loss, dizziness, and aches can result from various medical conditions. If these symptoms persist over time, consult your doctor for a thorough evaluation. A complete medical assessment can help identify whether the cause is excessive earwax or an underlying health issue requiring attention.

What Causes Excessive Earwax?

People with excessive earwax often experience earwax blockage, which occurs when wax gets pushed deep into the ear canal. Frequent use of earphones or hearing aids can contribute to this by compacting the wax further inside. Additionally, using cotton swabs for regular cleaning can irritate the ear canal and worsen wax buildup.

Certain skin conditions, like eczema or infections, can also lead to increased wax production. Hairy ear canals may trap wax and prevent it from flowing out naturally. Age is another contributing factor—older adults tend to produce drier wax that accumulates more quickly. While earwax itself is generally harmless, excessive buildup can cause discomfort, hearing issues, or complete blockage.

What is the Function of Earwax?

Earwax, or cerumen, serves several vital functions in maintaining ear health. It helps trap dust, dirt, and other small particles, preventing them from reaching and potentially damaging the eardrum. Additionally, it inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungi within the ear canal. Acting as a natural defence, earwax keeps the ear clean and protected.

As you chew or speak, earwax gradually moves outward, carrying trapped debris with it. This natural process supports ear hygiene, highlighting the essential role earwax plays in protecting your ears.

How is Earwax Impaction Treated?

For the treatment of earwax impaction, it is best to consult a healthcare provider. A doctor may remove the excess wax using a small, curved instrument called a curette or apply gentle suction techniques. In some cases, they may flush out the wax using a syringe filled with saline, warm water, or diluted hydrogen peroxide.

Medicated ear drops, such as carbamide peroxide (Debrox Earwax Removal Kit or Murine Ear Wax Removal System), are often recommended to soften the wax. You must always follow the prescribed dosage, as overuse may irritate the sensitive skin of the ear canal and eardrum.

If earwax buildup becomes a recurring issue, it is advisable to visit your doctor once or twice a year for professional cleaning. They may also recommend earwax softening agents, such as mineral oil, saline or olive oil, to help the wax exit naturally.

How to Prevent Earwax Buildup?

To prevent building up earwax, consider the following things:

• Avoid cleaning ear canals with cotton buds, fingertips and other objects.
• Clean only the outer part of your ear.
• If you continue to face trouble with earwax buildup, use softening drops regularly.

When to Consult a Doctor for Earwax?

Earwax typically clears on its own, but certain symptoms may require medical attention. If you notice ear pain, ringing, dizziness, a sensation of fullness or pressure, or hearing loss, it’s important to see a doctor. Avoid inserting objects into your ears, as this can cause injury or push the wax deeper.

Children, older adults, and individuals using hearing aids should be especially cautious. Only a healthcare professional can safely remove excess wax and check for any underlying causes of discomfort.

Prolonged use of earphones can also contribute to wax buildup, so take regular breaks. Maintain proper ear hygiene, stay hydrated, and seek medical advice if symptoms persist. Regular check-ups can help prevent excessive earwax accumulation and protect your hearing health.