Wallenberg Syndrome and Its Impact on Brainstem Function

Wallenberg Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Brainstem Stroke Explained

Wallenberg syndrome is a rare type of stroke which affects the brain stem. It happens when there is a blockage in one of the arteries that supply blood to this part of the brain. Read on to learn all about what Wallenberg syndrome entails.

Understanding Wallenberg Syndrome

Our brain has different areas that perform distinctly different functions. The brainstem area is at the base of the brain, towards the side. It is closest to the back of the neck region. It connects the brain and the spinal cord.
 

Any damage to the brainstem can lead to a disruption of bodily functions and trigger disorders like Wallenberg syndrome.

Symptoms of Wallenberg Syndrome

Wallenberg syndrome has different combinations of symptoms depending on the location of injury or damage to the vertebral arteries. The symptoms also depend on the extent of damage to brain tissue. Here are a few common symptoms of Wallenberg syndrome:

• Vertigo or dizziness
• Difficulty in swallowing
• Loss of taste
• Vomiting and nausea
• Involuntary eye movements (also known as nystagmus)
• Loss of temperature or pain sensation on either side of the body
• Uncontrollable constant hiccups
• Difficulty in movement and coordination of muscles
   

Due to the nature and anatomy of the brainstem, patients can experience varying symptoms on both sides of the body.

Diagnosis of Wallenberg Syndrome

The diagnosis of Wallenberg syndrome depends on the results of a clinical examination. It also depends on assessing the medical history records of a patient. It is done in combination with other diagnostic imaging and screening tests to confirm the severity and location of brain damage.

There are different diagnostic tests that help confirm brain stem damage and diagnose Wallenberg syndrome. Here are a few such kinds of tests:

• Angiogram – It measures the blood flow through the arteries.
• MRI – An MRI is done with diffusion imaging to track the movement of water in the brain to help confirm a stroke.
• Electrocardiogram – An electrocardiogram can help ensure that the symptoms are not caused by any other underlying heart issues.
• Blood Tests– They check for any blood clotting problems, infections or other medical conditions which might contribute to a high risk.
• CT scan- A CT scan is not as sensitive as an MRI in the early stages. However, it can check for bleeding in the brain and other issues. It is also sometimes used in case of emergency settings.
   

Treatment Options for Wallenberg Syndrome

There is no particular cure for Wallenberg syndrome. However, treatments focus on managing symptoms and supporting recovery.

Doctors treat the cause of the stroke at first. If the stroke is ischemic (caused by a clot), medication to prevent further clots is essential. The specific type of medication (such as antiplatelet drugs or anticoagulants) depends on the exact cause of the stroke and is determined by a neurologist. Self-medication is extremely dangerous. In some cases, medication can help control conditions like:

• Nausea
• Dizziness
• Pain
   

Physical therapy can help patients regain their movement and balance. Treatment plans are customisable according to the symptoms and needs of each person.

Living with Wallenberg Syndrome

Recovery from Wallenberg syndrome can be slow and may differ from individual to individual. Some people recover totally, while others face long-term challenges. An early diagnosis and proper rehabilitation can significantly improve the outcomes.

Support from family, friends, and therapists can also help a person cope better in their daily life. In some cases, ongoing therapy or medication can be required. People who have persistent issues like swallowing difficulties need regular check-ups to avoid any complications.

Wallenberg syndrome is a serious condition, but with timely treatment and support, many people can lead meaningful lives. An awareness of the symptoms and early diagnosis is the key to getting better.