What Does Myocarditis Feel Like?

Understanding Myocarditis: Pain, Palpitations & Healing Tips

According to the Global Burden of Disease study, myocarditis affects approximately 1.5 million people worldwide each year. This heart condition, though not always well understood by the general public, can cause a wide range of symptoms, from mild fatigue to life-threatening heart complications.

For many, the experience is frightening because it often mimics more common conditions like the flu or even a heart attack. Read ahead to understand what myocarditis feels like!

What is myocarditis?

Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium). A viral infection typically triggers it, though it can also arise from bacterial infections, autoimmune responses, or toxins. If untreated, myocarditis can weaken the heart, disrupt its rhythm, and potentially cause permanent damage.

In mild cases, people may never know they had it. In severe cases, however, it can lead to sudden cardiac arrest, especially among young athletes or individuals recovering from recent infections. This is why early detection and treatment are crucial.

What are the symptoms of myocarditis?

Symptoms of myocarditis can vary from mild to severe and can mimic other heart or respiratory conditions. Here’s how it commonly feels:

1. Chest Pain or Discomfort : Chest discomfort from myocarditis may feel like pressure or a dull ache, often in the center or left side of the chest, and can worsen with deep breaths or exertion. This typically occurs in the middle or left side of the chest.
2. Shortness of Breath : You may experience difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity or lying down. This occurs because the inflamed heart muscle struggles to pump blood effectively.
3. Fatigue : Persistent tiredness or a general feeling of being unwell is common. Even minimal physical activity may leave you feeling exhausted.
4. Heart Palpitations : Some people report feeling irregular or rapid heartbeats, a fluttering sensation, or skipped beats. This happens because the inflammation disrupts the heart's electrical signals.
5. Swelling (Oedema) : Swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet may occur due to fluid retention caused by poor circulation. You might also notice weight gain from fluid buildup.
6. Flu-Like Symptoms : Fever, headache, body aches, sore throat can accompany myocarditis, particularly if it is caused by a viral infection.

What Causes Myocarditis?

Understanding the causes leading to myocarditis can help identify the underlying cause and the most effective treatment method. The common causes are

1. Viral Infections : In a majority of cases, myocarditis is caused by viruses like influenza, adenovirus, COVID-19, and Coxsackievirus. These viruses either directly infect the heart or trigger an immune response that damages heart tissue.
2. Bacterial and Fungal Infections : Less commonly, bacterial infections such as Lyme disease and fungal infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, can lead to myocarditis.
3. Autoimmune Diseases : Conditions like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, or sarcoidosis may cause the immune system to attack heart tissues, resulting in inflammation.
4. Medications and Toxins : Certain drugs, including some chemotherapy agents and antibiotics, may cause myocarditis. Exposure to environmental toxins can also be contributing factors.
5. Allergic Reactions : In rare cases, a severe allergic reaction may trigger heart muscle inflammation.

How is Myocarditis Treated?

Treatment varies based on the cause and severity. Here’s how myocarditis is usually treated:

• Mild myocarditis typically involves rest, hydration, and anti-inflammatory medications to alleviate symptoms and allow the heart to heal naturally.
• Moderate to severe myocarditis requires medications like beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, or diuretics to support the heart and reduce fluid buildup.
• If myocarditis is linked to an infection, appropriate antiviral or antibiotic treatments are used.
• Severe cases involving abnormal heart rhythms or diminished heart function may necessitate hospital care. In exceptional situations, the use of pacemakers or even a heart transplant might be required.

Can You Have a Normal Life with Myocarditis?

The outcome of myocarditis varies greatly depending on the cause, severity, and how quickly treatment is received. Here are a few tips to help manage the condition and support recovery:

• Recovery Outlook : Many patients recover fully with prompt treatment, but some may experience persistent heart dysfunction, underscoring the need for ongoing cardiac monitoring.
• Follow-Up and Monitoring : Even if symptoms improve, regular follow-ups and imaging tests (such as MRIs or echocardiograms) are essential to ensure proper heart healing.
• Physical Activity : Returning to exercise should only happen after medical clearance. Overexertion during recovery can worsen the condition or cause recurrence.
• Long-Term Effects : Some individuals may experience long-term heart issues, such as dilated cardiomyopathy or heart failure. These conditions require ongoing management but do not necessarily impact daily life activities.
• Emotional Impact : Dealing with a heart condition can be stressful. Support groups, counselling, or therapy services may be beneficial for managing anxiety or depression during or after treatment.

Myocarditis can vary from a mild condition to a severe health issue, but with timely diagnosis, proper treatment, and adequate rest, most people can recover fully. Recognising symptoms early, especially after a viral illness, is crucial for preventing long-term damage. Adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle and staying aware of your body’s signals can make a significant difference.

At Star Health, we prioritise early intervention and access to expert cardiac care, ensuring patients receive the right treatment at the right time. Our comprehensive Star Cardiac Care Health Policy covers consultations, diagnostics, and hospital stays, helping you manage conditions like myocarditis without financial stress.

Call us today for further details!