What is Leprosy Disease?

Leprosy Disease Explained: What All You Should Know?

Leprosy is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae that affects the nose, upper respiratory tract, and skin. Also known as Hansen’s disease, it is a progressive infection that primarily affects the nerves and progresses to a worse stage if not treated.

Thus, understanding the different forms, symptoms, and causes of this disease is crucial for early diagnosis. Keep reading to learn about leprosy, including its complications, preventive tips, and more details.

What are the Different Forms of Leprosy Disease?

The different forms of leprosy are explained in-depth in the table below:

What is the Cause of Leprosy Disease?

Leprosy is caused by a bacterium, Mycobacterium leprae, which spreads from one person to another through droplets. However, the progression of the disease has not yet been fully understood. Although leprosy is contagious, it does not spread unless you have been in close contact with the infected for months or years.

What are the Symptoms of Leprosy Disease?

The symptoms of leprosy disease or Hansen’s disease are mentioned below:

• Stiff and dry skin
• Face and ears have lumps or swelling
• Vision problems
• Loss of sensation in the affected areas
• Muscle weakness
• Stuffy nose or nose bleeds
• Unresolved sores on the feet
• Deformed hands and feet
   

The symptoms usually appear 3 to 5 years after contact with the causative bacteria. However, some people show symptoms after a long time, such as 20 years. This incubation period makes it difficult for healthcare providers to determine the infection.

How to Diagnose Leprosy Disease?

Here’s how the diagnosis of leprosy is performed:

• Step 1: A doctor will first perform a physical examination to spot the physical symptoms.
• Step 2: The doctor might extract a skin sore sample and send it for biopsy to determine the presence of the causative bacteria.
   

However, the form of leprosy will be determined by the lepromin test.

What are the Complications of Leprosy Disease?

Without proper care and treatment, leprosy can develop into the following complications:

• Hair loss
• Glaucoma
• Infertility
• Blindness
• Iritis
• Disfigurement of the face
• Kidney failure
• Permanent damage to the nose's insides leads to a stuffy nose and nose bleeds.
• Severe muscle weakness
• Permanent nervous damage to your vital organs
   

How to Prevent Leprosy Disease?

The best way to prevent leprosy is by early detection and prompt treatment. It’s crucial to avoid contact with people who have been contaminated with the causative bacteria. However, it is advised to be under follow-up check-ups if you have been in contact with a leprosy patient.

Leprosy can be life-threatening if not treated properly. Hence, if you notice the symptoms, don’t hesitate to seek help from a healthcare professional and get the proper treatment.