Bipolar Disorder 1 Symptoms: Early Warning Signs

Bipolar Disorder 1 Symptoms & Treatment: Navigating Mood Disorders

Did you know that bipolar disorder affects about 1% of the global population? According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), mental health disorders, including bipolar disorder, are among the leading causes of disability worldwide. In India alone, it is estimated that approximately 1 out of 150 people suffer from this condition.

While everyone experiences mood changes, extreme and unpredictable shifts, such as those seen in bipolar disorder 1, can deeply disrupt everyday life. Recognising the symptoms early can significantly improve treatment outcomes.

Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder 1

Bipolar disorder 1 primarily presents through manic and depressive episodes. Approximately 1–2% of the affected global population experience extreme changes in their behaviour and activity. While the intensity and frequency may vary among individuals, the following symptoms are typically observed:

Manic Episode Symptoms : 

During manic episodes, individuals may experience:

• Sudden Changes in Mood: Switching rapidly between high energy and irritability or anger.
• Restlessness: An inability to sit still or relax.
• Increased Energy: Feeling unusually energised or active, often requiring less sleep.
• Elevated Libido: Increased sexual desire or behaviour.
• Substance Misuse: According to a PubMed study, about 60.7% of individuals with bipolar disorder misuse substances like alcohol or drugs during manic phases.
• Impulsive Behaviour: Overspending, risky decisions, or unsafe sexual activity.
• Rapid Speech and Racing Thoughts: Jumping quickly between topics during conversation.
• Psychotic Symptoms: In severe cases, hallucinations or delusions may occur.

Depressive Episode Symptoms

A depressive episode may last two weeks or longer and includes:

• Lack of Motivation :Difficulty starting or completing daily tasks.
• Overwhelming Sadness: Intense feelings of hopelessness or despair.
• Sleep Disturbances: Either insomnia or excessive sleeping.
• Suicidal Ideation : Thoughts of self-harm or suicide.
• Appetite Changes: Eating significantly more or less than usual.
• Cognitive Difficulties: Trouble focusing or making decisions.

Bipolar Disorder 1 Symptoms in Females

Bipolar disorder 1 affects men and women equally. However, women with bipolar disorder are more likely to experience depressive and mixed episodes, while men may have more manic episodes.. Moreover, women are more likely to face depressive episodes compared to men. Women are also at an increased risk of facing mixed (both hypomanic and depressive) symptoms at the same time.

Common symptoms among women may include:

• Frequent mood changes
• Weight fluctuations
• Grandiose beliefs or inflated self-esteem are common manic symptoms and can occur in both men and women.
• Feelings of guilt or worthlessness
• Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities

Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy or menopause, can sometimes trigger or worsen symptoms.

Understanding Bipolar Disorder 1

Bipolar disorder 1, previously known as manic depression, is a mental health condition marked by extreme fluctuations in mood, energy, and activity levels. Individuals with this condition experience at least one manic episode, which may be preceded or followed by depressive episodes.

These episodes of mania can be intense and may last for a week or more. They can severely impair daily functioning and often require hospitalisation. Despite common confusion, bipolar disorder 1 is distinct from borderline personality disorder in terms of cause, presentation, and treatment approach.

Bipolar 1 Disorder Treatments

Treatment usually involves a combination of psychotherapy and medications to manage and prevent episodes.

• Psychotherapy: Talk therapy helps individuals identify harmful behaviours, develop coping strategies, and understand their condition better.
• Medications: These may include:
   Mood stabilisers (e.g., lithium)
  Antipsychotics
  Antidepressants (used with caution to avoid triggering mania)

Bipolar disorder 1 is often misunderstood and stigmatised. However, with the right support and treatment, people can lead full, productive lives. Recognising early warning signs and seeking help promptly can make a substantial difference in managing the condition.

If someone you love is struggling, support them with patience, understanding, and encouragement. Avoid judgement and help them stay on track with treatment.