Pulmonary edema develops when fluid accumulates in the lungs' sacs, making breathing difficult. Shortness of breath, coughing, and a suffocating sensation are symptoms of impaired oxygen exchange caused by this excess fluid.
The most common cause of pulmonary edema is heart issues, especially heart failure. It can develop suddenly (acute) or gradually (chronic). For people with this potentially fatal illness, prompt treatment is essential to avoiding complications and enhancing results.
Keep reading to understand the common treatment methods for pulmonary edema.
Pulmonary edema treatment includes increasing oxygenation, eliminating extra fluid from the lungs, and treating the underlying cause. Particularly in acute cases, management starts in a hospital and may include the following interventions:
The first line of treatment for pulmonary edema is to provide more oxygen to the patient. Oxygen is delivered to help maintain appropriate blood oxygen levels and facilitate breathing. A face mask, nasal cannula, and, in more severe situations, a mechanical ventilator or positive airway pressure device (CPAP or BiPAP) are used to deliver oxygen.
Drugs that increase urine production, such as furosemide (Lasix), are frequently used to flush out excess fluid from the body. This helps to relieve symptoms by lowering the pressure in the heart and lungs.
Doctors may prescribe blood pressure-lowering medications to reduce the strain on the heart and stop additional fluid accumulation. This includes beta-blockers, ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors, and vasodilators (such as nitroglycerin)
These medications can be given intravenously to patients with severe heart failure to stabilize blood pressure and enhance the heart's pumping function.
Although its use is now less common due to potential risks, morphine can be used in certain situations to relieve anxiety and shortness of breath.
Diagnosing and treating the underlying cause of pulmonary edema, such as a heart attack, arrhythmia, kidney failure, or exposure to high altitude, is also necessary for effective management.
If oxygen therapy and medications are insufficient, mechanical ventilation may be necessary to support breathing until the condition stabilizes.
The duration of pulmonary edema varies widely based on its cause, severity, and how quickly treatment is initiated. Their duration often depends on their respective types, which is discussed below:
Those caused by a heart attack or sudden heart failure can resolve within hours to days with prompt and effective treatment.
Often linked to long-standing heart or kidney disease, it may persist for weeks or longer and requires ongoing management to prevent recurrence. Recovery time also depends on the patient's response to therapy and whether complications arise. Symptoms can improve rapidly in some cases, mainly when the underlying cause is controlled.
However, pulmonary edema may return or develop into a chronic illness if the underlying condition is not treated, requiring lifestyle modifications and long-term care.
Pulmonary edema is an emergency medical condition that requires hospital care. However, individuals can take the following supportive measures at home to help manage chronic cases and reduce the risk of recurrence. Here are some of the lifestyle considerations:
Immediate medical aid is necessary if symptoms worsen or new symptoms develop, such as severe shortness of breath, chest pain, or confusion.
There is no substitute for medical treatment when it comes to pulmonary edema, as it is a potentially fatal condition. However, certain lifestyle and dietary modifications can support overall health and may help manage mild, chronic forms of edema, such as:
The best natural approaches to managing edema focus on reducing fluid retention and improving circulation. Elevating the affected limbs, staying well-hydrated, and reducing salt intake are foundational steps that help the body regulate fluid balance.
Soaking swollen areas in an Epsom salt bath can decrease swelling and provide symptomatic relief.
Incorporating diuretic herbs such as dandelion, parsley, hawthorn, coriander, ajwain seeds, and juniper as teas or supplements may also support the body’s natural ability to eliminate excess fluid.
Consuming potassium-rich foods like bananas and sweet potatoes, maintaining a healthy weight, and engaging in regular exercise further aid in managing edema. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting herbal remedies, especially if you have underlying health conditions.
While these measures can help prevent and manage chronic edema, they do not replace medical therapy in acute pulmonary edema. Always consult a healthcare provider before trying natural remedies, especially if you have a history of heart or lung disease.
It is also advised to have health insurance to protect your finances during medical emergencies. At Star Health, we offer extensive coverage for respiratory diseases under our Star Health Assure Insurance Policy. We also provide hassle-free claim settlements with reduced turnaround time across over 14,000 network hospitals in India.