Risk Factors of Dementia: What Increases Alzheimer’s Risk?

What is Alzheimer’s Disease?

Alzheimer’s disease is a physical and mental illness that damages an individual’s brain. This eventually causes dementia, influencing memory and thinking. Alzheimer’s disease is the most frequent cause of dementia.

It Starts many years before it symptoms start to show. Ultimately, Alzheimer’s disease cause so much damage to the brain of that person, eventually develops dementia – their thinking skills, memory and ability to carry out everyday tasks are reduced.

Symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease

Most common early symptoms include:

• Memory Problem
• Thinking and Reasoning difficulties
• Language Problem
• Changes to how they see and hear things
• Mood Changes
   

Initial symptoms of Alzheimer’s are mild and don’t create any difficulty to someone from doing their daily routine work by themselves. This stage can sometimes be classified as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's, but a diagnosis of MCI does not always mean a person will develop Alzheimer's dementia.

Risk factors Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease touches the lives of millions across the globe. For those who have seen a loved one live with this condition, its impact goes far beyond memory loss. Understanding the key risk factors behind Alzheimer’s helps people make informed lifestyle decisions. While no single cause has been pinpointed, certain risk factors increase the likelihood of developing the disease.

Age is the Most Significant Risk

As people age, their risk of developing Alzheimer’s rises. Most people may have a chance of developing Alzheimer’s after 65 years. After this age, the risk doubles every five years. By 85, there is almost a 1 in 3 chance of developing the condition.

This does not mean everyone will develop Alzheimer’s as they grow older. However, age-related changes in the brain, such as shrinking brain volume and reduced blood flow, may contribute to the disease. 

Further research on why age is the primary factor for this disease is currently underway.

Sex

Of all people living with Alzheimer's disease in the United States, nearly two-thirds are women. This is largely because women tend to live longer than men, and advancing age is the greatest known risk factor. However, some studies also suggest that biological differences related to menopause and genetics may play a role. 

There has been a lot of research needed in how menopause may increase a person’s risk of getting Alzheimer’s. While it seems that very early menopause caused by medical treatment can increase risk, it’s still unclear if it’s also a risk factor when it happens more naturally.

Genetics and Family History

According to a study, if a family member suffers from Alzheimer’s, the risk of developing this disease increases for others. For example, if a first-degree relative, such as a parent or sibling, has been diagnosed, the chances of developing the disease may be higher.

Moreover, genetics also plays a huge role. At least 80 genes can increase Alzheimer’s risk. The APOE-e4 gene is strongly linked to the disease. However, carrying this gene does not guarantee the condition will develop. Many people with the gene never show symptoms, while others without it may still be diagnosed.

Cardiovascular Health

Poor heart health often goes hand-in-hand with increased Alzheimer’s risk. The following conditions contribute towards increased risk: 

●  High blood pressure 
●  High cholesterol 
●  Diabetes
●  Smoking 

You can prevent these by:

●  Quit smoking 
●  Reduce alcohol consumption 
●  Eat a healthy and balanced diet
●  Lose weight
 

Down’s Syndrome 

People affected with Down Syndrome have a higher risk of developing this disease due to the presence of amyloid plaques. Over time, this builds up in the brain and contributes to its increased risk. 

Head Injuries

Traumatic brain injuries, especially those that result in loss of consciousness, are linked to a higher risk of Alzheimer’s later in life. Repeated blows to the head may elevate risks.

You can prevent these by wearing helmets during risky activities and using seat belts to safeguard brain health. Moreover, you can take measures to prevent major falls as well. 

However, further research is required for more conclusive evidence. 

Lifestyle Choices

Daily habits have a profound impact on brain health. Smoking, heavy drinking, a poor diet, and lack of physical activity all contribute to increased risk. Fortunately, these are modifiable risk factors. This means people can actively take steps to reduce them.

• Smoking: It reduces the oxygen supply to the brain and accelerates ageing.
• Excessive Alcohol: Daily alcohol consumption damages brain cells and increases the likelihood of dementia.
• Processed Foods: Eating a diet rich in nutrients can negatively affect brain function.
   

Depression and Mental Health

Long-term depression may increase the risk of Alzheimer’s, especially when left untreated. While it is unclear whether depression is a cause, symptom, or both, emotional well-being undeniably plays a role in brain health.

People with persistent anxiety or mood disorders should seek support. Managing mental health through therapy, mindfulness, and connection with others can help protect cognitive function.

Alzheimer’s disease is complex, and risk factors are often interconnected. Although some, like age and genetics, are beyond control, many others are within reach. By understanding these risks and making proactive choices, it is possible to reduce the chances of developing the disease or delaying its onset.

Looking after heart health, staying active, engaging the mind, and nurturing social connections all contribute to a healthier brain. Early awareness is essential. Knowing these risk factors is the first step in protecting brain health in the long run.

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→ Key Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer

→ Key Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease

→ Key Risk Factors for Ischemic Heart Disease

→ Key Risk Factors for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

→ Key Risk Factors for Typhoid Fever