A fractured radial head is a common injury, especially after a fall onto an outstretched hand. This injury involves a fracture in the upper part of the radius bone near the elbow joint. Symptoms typically include pain, swelling, and reduced motion of the arm.
Based on the severity and nature of the fracture observed on imaging, treatment ranges from conservative measures for minor fractures, which include immobilization and physiotherapy, to surgical restoration of elbow function in severe cases.
Read ahead to find the standard medical treatment for a fractured radial head.
The following is the standard treatment approach for treating a fractured radial head:
1.Initial Assessment and Classification
A suspected fracture of the radial head must be handled with care. The clinical evaluation includes lateral pain at the elbow, swelling, restricted arm flexion or extension, and impaired forearm rotation, which are typical presenting signs.
Radiography—often including AP and lateral elbow X-rays—confirms the diagnosis. CT scans are sometimes used for precise imaging.
The treatment is based on the Mason classification system:
● Type I: Non-displaced or minimally displaced fractures
● Type II: Displaced fractures with over 2 mm of displacement
● Type III: Comminuted (multi-fragment) fracture
● Type IV: Fracture with associated elbow dislocation
2.Non-Surgical Treatments
Non-surgical treatment is ideal for most Type I fractures and certain Type II fractures, including those with specific characteristics such as:
3.Emergency Care
Emergency care involves the following:
4.Early Mobilization
Progressive elbow movement is encouraged from days 3 to 7, including:
Immobilization is avoided when it has been more than 2 weeks, as it may lead to stiffness of the elbow and poor functional outcomes.
5.Surgical Treatments
Surgery is utilized for Type II (highly displaced), Type III, and Type IV fractures, particularly when joint stability is compromised or when there is a block to movement due to fragments.
6.Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF)
Indications:
● Displacement greater than 2 mm
● Mechanical blockage of elbow motion
● Associated ligament injuries causing instability
Procedure
● The surgeon moves the bone fragments through an open reduction and realignment procedure.
● Screws, mini-plates, or bioabsorbable pins are utilized to stabilize the fragments (internal fixation) rigidly.
Postoperative care involves early motion exercises as tolerated.
7.Radial Head Excision
Indications:
● Severely comminuted fractures that cannot be corrected
● Low-demand elderly patients without elbow instability
Procedure:
● Surgical excision of the radial head.
Complications include loss of elbow stability, especially in active, young patients. Therefore, an excision is less suitable for patients in high demand.
8.Radial Head Arthroplasty (Replacement)
Indications:
● Extremely comminuted fractures that are unstable
● Fractures with associated ligament injuries or elbow dislocation.
Procedure:
● The damaged radial head is excised and replaced with a metal prosthesis.
Advantages:
● Ensures elbow stability.
● Permits early motion.
● Reduces long-term complications such as arthritis.
Rehabilitation after arthroplasty typically begins within days of the procedure to maintain flexibility.
Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in optimizing functional outcomes after any mode of treatment. It often includes the following stages:
1.Early Stage (0–2 weeks)
2.Intermediate Stage (2–6 weeks)
3.Late Stage (6–12 weeks)
Even when treatment is effective, complications may sometimes arise, such as:
Standard medical treatments for a fractured radial head typically include immobilization with a sling, physical therapy, and, in some cases, surgical intervention. Non-displaced fractures are often managed conservatively, while severe breaks may need fixation or replacement. Having a trusted policy can ease financial stress during recovery.
At Star Health, we offer comprehensive insurance plans that cover the costs of diagnosis, treatment, surgery, and rehabilitation for fractures, including radial head injuries. Our cashless network hospitals and quick claim process ensure patients receive timely care.
Contact us for more details!