Risk Factors for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Gestational Diabetes Risk Factors: Causes & Prevention

GDM, or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, is a type of diabetes that develops in pregnant women, typically during the second or third trimester. High blood sugar levels can potentially harm both the mother and the foetus. In most cases, GDM is temporary and resolves after childbirth. However, having GDM may also increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in women later in life.

Risk Factors Causing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

There are certain risk factors under which the chances of getting gestational diabetes are high. Let us discuss each in detail:

1. Weight and BMI

The chances of getting GDM during pregnancy are high in women who are overweight or obese before conceiving. When excess fat accumulates in the body, it becomes insulin-resistant. This makes it difficult for the body to regulate blood sugar levels optimally at the time of pregnancy.

2. History of GDM in Family

The genetics of a person plays a crucial role in understanding the susceptibility of having a disease. The changes that a body goes through during pregnancy are determined by this genetic predisposition of a female. The risk of GDM is high if a first-degree relative has type 2 diabetes.

3. Underlying Health Conditions

Certain conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), prior history of GDM, and obesity can raise the risk of developing gestational diabetes in subsequent pregnancies. Apart from that, if the woman is obese or has a history of GDM in past pregnancies, the risk of developing it again is high.

4. Lack of Balanced Diet

During pregnancy, if a woman is consuming food such as refined carbohydrates, sugary foods, and processed items, it leads to high blood glucose levels. A diet high in refined sugars, processed foods, and low in nutrients can contribute to weight gain and insulin resistance, thereby increasing the risk of GDM.   

5. Physical Inactivity

The risk of GDM is highest when the mother starts to lead a sedentary lifestyle during pregnancy. This contributes to weight gain and reduces insulin sensitivity, both of which increase the risk of GDM.     

6. Medications

Any medication that is taken during pregnancy must be taken after proper consultation with the doctor. There are multiple medications that have the potential to interfere with insulin sensitivity. Some medications, such as corticosteroids and certain antipsychotics, can affect insulin sensitivity and may increase the risk of GDM.

7. High-Stress Level

Taking too much stress and feeling anxious during pregnancy can directly affect the hormonal balance of an expecting mother. This imbalance of hormones creates insulin resistance, thereby increasing the chances of developing GDM. Additionally, stress-related behaviours like poor diet or lack of exercise may increase the risk.

8. Age Factor

A woman who conceives after the age of 35, during advanced maternal age, is more susceptible to getting GDM. This is because the body cannot efficiently break down glucose, causing the mother to become insulin-resistant.

Ways to Prevent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Here is a list of preventative measures that mothers might consider to stay healthy and have a smooth pregnancy experience:

• Visit prenatal care frequently to monitor your blood sugar levels during pregnancy. This will help medical experts plan your medication and diet accordingly to curb the situation into a favourable one.
• Having a well-balanced meal is advisable with lots of fruits, whole grains, lentils, lean protein, leafy green vegetables and healthy fats. Also, monitor your weight to ensure excessive weight gain. Avoid having extreme food habits during pregnancy.
• To improve your insulin sensitivity, engaging in light physical activities is necessary. This will also manage weight and reduce the overall risk of GDM.
• There are many stress-relieving techniques, such as meditation, guided meditation, deep breathing, and prenatal yoga. These techniques have a positive impact on the mental health of the mother and balance her stress levels.
• Monitor your blood sugar regularly, especially if you are at higher risk for GDM. Timely detection of any issue will help medical experts to curtail it sooner.

During pregnancy, the health of both the baby and the mother is extremely important. Therefore, proactively managing your health and regularly monitoring your blood sugar can significantly reduce the risk of complications from gestational diabetes.

Also Read:

→ How to Get Diabetes Medication Without Insurance

→ How To Get Health Insurance With Diabetes

→ How to Get Tested for Diabetes Without Insurance

→ What Insurance Covers Mounjaro for Diabetes

→ What is a Diabetes Insurance Plan