Aortic stenosis is a serious and widespread heart valve disorder that occurs when the opening of the aortic valve becomes narrowed. This condition restricts the flow of blood from the heart’s left ventricle into the aorta, potentially leading to increased pressure in the left atrium and reduced circulation throughout the body. Aortic stenosis can significantly affect heart function if left untreated.
Keep reading this blog to learn more about the aortic stenosis symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment options, and more.
Aortic stenosis can remain asymptomatic for many years, but signs often appear gradually as the condition progresses. When symptoms do develop, they may include:
The following are some of the common aortic stenosis causes that you must be aware of:
Some individuals are born with abnormal aortic valves. While a typical aortic valve has three cusps, some people also have only one (unicuspid), two (bicuspid), or even four (quadricuspid) cusps. These structural differences can interfere with proper valve function over time, eventually leading to aortic valve narrowing.
A previous episode of rheumatic fever, often following untreated strep throat or scarlet fever, can lead to long-term heart valve damage. The condition may cause scarring on the aortic valve, which narrows the opening and creates a rough surface. Over time, this scarring can worsen and limit blood flow, potentially progressing to severe aortic stenosis.
Calcium, along with other minerals and nutrients, circulates through the bloodstream. Over time, as blood flows across the aortic valve, calcium can begin to accumulate on the valve’s surface. This buildup may cause the valve to stiffen, reducing its ability to open completely.
Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing aortic valve stenosis:
To perform the diagnosis of aortic valve stenosis, the doctor may recommend several tests:
This test uses ultrasound technology to create detailed images of the heart's anatomy and performance. It is commonly performed to detect narrowing of the aortic valve.
A catheter is inserted through a large artery and guided to the heart to obtain detailed images and measure pressure within the heart chambers. This helps determine the type and severity of valve disease.
An X-ray produces visual representations of the body's bones, soft tissues, and internal organs. It can reveal an enlarged heart or changes related to aortic stenosis.
A Computed Tomography (CT) scan combines multiple X-ray views to provide detailed cross-sectional images of the heart and can help assess the aortic valve and surrounding areas.
Magnetic resonance imaging produces high-resolution images of the heart and aorta, offering insight into the extent of aortic valve stenosis.
This test records the electrical activity of the heart and can show evidence of heart strain or damage linked to valve narrowing.
This test involves physical activity, such as walking on a treadmill, while monitoring heart function. It helps identify symptoms and functional limitations caused by aortic stenosis.
Aortic stenosis treatment depends on the presence and severity of symptoms. When symptoms appear or the disease advances, several treatment options are available:
For mild cases, aortic stenosis medication may help control symptoms. These include blood thinners, diuretics, and drugs used to manage high blood pressure, heart rhythm disorders, or heart failure. While medications can improve quality of life, they do not prevent the condition from worsening over time.
In some cases, valve repair is performed through traditional surgery or a less invasive balloon valvuloplasty. A surgical repair involves opening the chest to access and correct the valve directly. Balloon valvuloplasty uses a catheter with an inflatable balloon to widen the narrowed valve. This approach may temporarily relieve symptoms.
When repair is not suitable, aortic valve replacement becomes the primary aortic stenosis treatment. Options include biological valves made from pig or cow tissue, mechanical valves, and bioprosthetic valves. The Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) method is also available.
TAVR involves inserting a catheter into an artery and guiding it to the heart to deploy a new valve. This technique is often recommended for individuals at increased surgical risk.
Certain lifestyle habits and healthcare measures can help protect heart health and reduce the risk of developing the condition:
By following these preventive measures, individuals can lower their risk of developing aortic stenosis and manage symptoms effectively. Recognizing the signs early is essential for determining the most effective treatment. If any symptoms of aortic stenosis occur, it is important to consult a healthcare provider promptly.
Also, it is vital to have a comprehensive health insurance plan that can provide coverage for diagnostic tests, hospitalization and other associated costs, ensuring you can avail of quality treatment without bearing the financial implications.
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