What Level of Platelets are Dangerous?

Low Platelet Count: When Is It Dangerous and What Causes It?

Platelets, also called thrombocytes, are tiny cells responsible for helping blood to form clots. The normal platelet count often ranges between 150,000 and 450,000/μL. However, it becomes dangerous if the platelet range drops to 50,000/μL. If the platelet count drops below 20,000/μL, it is a medical emergency.

What is Thrombocytopenia?

It is a condition under which the bone marrow cannot produce enough platelets. Platelets are blood cells responsible for forming blood clots that help stop blood flow when there is a cut. If your level of platelets is dangerously low, i.e., below 50,000/μL, you are suffering from thrombocytopenia.

Platelet Count (per μL)	Clinical Risk	Action Required
150,000–450,000	Normal range	-
50,000–100,000	Mild thrombocytopenia	Monitor for bleeding
20,000–50,000	Spontaneous bleeding risk	Avoid NSAIDs/anticoagulants
<20,000	Severe bleeding emergency	Platelet transfusion
<10,000	CNS (Central nervous system) hemorrhage risk	Urgent transfusion + IVIG (Intravenous Immunoglobulin)

What are the Symptoms of Low Platelet Count?

During the mild stage of having a low platelet count, there are no visible symptoms. However, when symptoms start to present themselves, one of the first ones is a cut or nose bleeding that will not stop.

Bleeding Gums: You will find blood on your toothbrush after brushing your teeth, or your gums might also feel swollen.
Blood in Stool: Your stool will appear very dark in colour.
Bleeding while urinating: If you notice something unusual, such as a pale pink colour, you might be passing blood in your urine.
Blood in Vomit: Seeing blood in vomit is a sign of bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Experiencing Intense Bleeding during Menstruation: It also affects your bleeding during periods. If you are bleeding for more than 7 days or the quantity is more than usual, you may have menorrhagia.
Bruises: They form when blood collects in one area under your skin. You will observe the formation of such bruises more than usual.

What Causes Low Platelet Count?

The reason you might be experiencing a low platelet count may be because of any of the three categories:

Your bone marrow is not functioning properly, as there is a lack of platelet formation. It can be due to blood cancer, such as leukaemia or lymphoma.
Another reason can be a condition which uses up your platelet supply or destroys it. Here, your bone marrow produces enough platelets but falls short because of the condition.
Your spleen stores up to 1/3 of the total platelet supply. However, it traps these platelets from circulating in your bloodstream.

How Do Experts Diagnose Low Platelet Count?

Medical experts tend to conduct a physical examination, such as checking bruises, rashes, and other symptoms that point towards a low platelet count. Other tests are:

Complete Blood Count (CBC): In this test, they check your platelet level and levels of red and white blood cells.
Blood Clot Test: It measures the overall time taken for your blood sample to clot.
Peripheral Blood Smear Test: A microscope is used to examine your platelets.
Bone Marrow Biopsy: If the blood report suggests an unexplained low platelet count, experts recommend this test.

What is the Treatment for Low Platelet Count?

Based on the tests, experts will come to know the underlying cause of low platelet count. Platelet count can be used to treat the underlying issues. However, other treatments include the following:

Blood Transfusion: This method is suitable when the platelet count is extremely low. It may boost the level for about 3 days.
Steroids: These are medications given to boost platelet production.
Splenectomy: If the spleen is responsible for trapping platelets, this surgery is done to remove the spleen.

If you have a low platelet count or are at risk of developing one, consulting a medical professional in the initial stages for a preventative plan will be helpful.