What are the Last Stage Symptoms of Oral Cancer?

Recognizing the Final Symptoms of Oral Cancer – A Complete Guide

Oral cancer is also known as mouth cancer. It can be life-threatening if not detected and treated early. In its last stage, which we know as Stage 4, the cancer often spreads beyond the mouth to other parts of the body. It makes the disease more challenging to treat. It is important to recognise the symptoms of last-stage oral cancer for timely medical support for affected individuals.

Understanding Stage 4 Oral Cancer

Stage 4 oral cancer is the most advanced phase of the disease. At this stage, the cancer has grown extensively within the mouth and potentially spread to nearby lymph nodes, tissues, or distant organs. This process is called metastasis. This can lead to a range of severe symptoms that significantly impact daily life.

Common Symptoms in the Final Stage

Here are some common symptoms of last-stage oral cancer:

Continuous Mouth Pain

Continuous pain in the mouth, jaw, or throat is a common symptom of oral cancer. This discomfort may increase over time and can lead to a struggle with speaking, eating or swallowing.

Swelling or Lumps

Noticeable lumps or thickened areas in the cheek, neck, or jaw can be signs of cancer spreading to lymph nodes or surrounding tissues.

Numbness or Loss of Sensation

Advanced oral cancer can damage nerves, which can lead to numbness or loss of sensation in the tongue, lips or other areas of the mouth.

Difficulty Speaking or Swallowing

Tumours affecting the tongue or vocal cords can cause facial deformities. It can lead to difficulty in speaking or swallowing.

Loose Teeth or Denture Issues

Cancer can weaken the structures supporting teeth. It can lead to loosening or shifting of dental support. Dentures may no longer fit properly because of the changes in the mouth's shape.

Weight Loss

Struggling with eating and swallowing can cause unintended weight loss. Cancer cells can rapidly deplete the body’s energy. This additional decreased energy can lead to weight reduction.

Stages and Treatment Options for Stage 4 Oral Cancer

Doctors divide Stage 4 oral cancer into three sub-stages: IVA, IVB, and IVC. Treatment varies depending on the exact stage, the patient's overall health, and other individual factors.

Stage IVA: In this stage, the cancer is still limited to the main area and nearby lymph nodes. Treatment often includes a mix of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Doctors will design a treatment plan that suits the specific needs.
Stage IVB: At this stage, the cancer may have spread to nearby tissues or more distant lymph nodes. Surgery, along with radiation or targeted therapy, may be recommended to remove the tumour. Doctors will explain each option and help patients to decide what is best for their situation.
Stage IVC: This stage of cancer indicates that the disease has spread to distant areas of the body, including the liver, lungs, or bones. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, improving comfort, and extending life. Options may include chemotherapy, immunotherapy or palliative care.

Managing Pain and Discomfort at the Last Stage

Managing pain and discomfort is a critical part of care during the last stage of oral cancer. Here are some helpful options to ease pain at the final stage:

Medications: Doctors may prescribe strong pain relievers like opioids to control intense pain. Anti-inflammatory medicines might also be used to reduce swelling and discomfort.
Palliative Radiation: Even if curing the cancer is no longer possible, radiation can help shrink tumours that are causing pain or blocking parts of the mouth or throat.
Nutritional Support: Patients might need a feeding tube to get the nutrition they need without having to chew or swallow.

The last stage of oral cancer is very challenging for patients and their families as well. Therefore, it is important to recognise the symptoms of last-stage oral cancer for timely treatment. Patients should not ignore the continuous pain, difficulty swallowing, and other common symptoms.